The Profamilia Family Planning Program, Colombia : an economic perspective

This paper evaluates the Profamilia's outreach effort of 1986. Profamilia is an affiliate of the International Planned Parenthood Federation and provides more than 60 percent of Colombia's family planning services. This paper focuses around the question of Profamilia's ability to provide more protection with the same resources. The authors found that: (i) operations tend to be constrained by limited personnel and supplies; (ii) the labor costs and unit costs of contraception are lower in the outreach and clinical programs, which can be expanded with available infrastructure; (iii) the clinical and outreach program is the least cost-effective because of the higher cost of sterilization; (iv) more resources should be targeted to areas where there are proportionately more mothers and where people are better educated; (v) experienced and married workers sell more in the outreach program thantheir junior unmarried colleagues; and (vi) in both the clinical and surgical programs, output would increase if there were proportionately more nurses and fewer doctors.Health Monitoring&Evaluation,Adolescent Health,Pharmaceuticals&Pharmacoeconomics,Reproductive Health,ICT Policy and Strategies

Plague Desires: A Re-Reading of HIV/AIDS Politics in Contemporary Gay Pornography

This project will study the methods by which contemporary gay pornography has confronted and attempted to radically reconfigure the narratives, politics, and erotics of AIDS/HIV. Focusing especially on the film Viral Loads by Treasure Island Media and the controversy that surrounded its release, characterized by articles on the film from VICE and Salon, this project will argue for the ability of the film to produce a re-reading of major stigma against viral bodies and the condition of sickness within eroticism through the form of pornography and erotic spectatorship. This project will argue that the hyper-exposition of the viral gay male body in sexuality offers a healing mechanism against the fear, marginalization, and pathologization that come with stigma towards AIDS/HIV

Argumen Ontologis Thomas Aquinas

Akal manusia bisa mengenal Allah melalui lima jalan yang berangkat dari lima fenomena dunia

Invariance principle for fragmentation processes derived from conditioned stable Galton-Watson trees

Aldous, Evans and Pitman (1998) studied the behavior of the fragmentation process derived from deleting the edges of a uniform random tree on $n$ labelled vertices. In particular, they showed that, after proper rescaling, the above fragmentation process converges as $n \rightarrow \infty$ to the fragmentation process of the Brownian CRT obtained by cutting-down the Brownian CRT along its skeleton in a Poisson manner. In this work, we continue the above investigation and study the fragmentation process obtained by deleting randomly chosen edges from a critical Galton-Watson tree $\mathbf{t}_{n}$ conditioned on having $n$ vertices, whose offspring distribution belongs to the domain of attraction of a stable law of index $\alpha \in (1,2]$. Our main results establish that, after rescaling, the fragmentation process of $\mathbf{t}_{n}$ converges as $n \rightarrow \infty$ to the fragmentation process obtained by cutting-down proportional to the length on the skeleton of an $\alpha$-stable L\'evy tree of index $\alpha \in (1,2]$. We further show that the latter can be constructed by considering the partitions of the unit interval induced by the normalized $\alpha$-stable L\'evy excursion with a deterministic drift studied by Miermont (2001). This extends the result of Bertoin (2000) on the fragmentation process of the Brownian CRT.Comment: 30 pages, 5 figure

Branching processes with pairwise interactions

In this manuscript, we are interested on the long-term behaviour of branching processes with pairwise interactions (BPI-processes). A process in this class behaves as a pure branching process with the difference that competition and cooperation events between pairs of individual are also allowed. BPI-processes form a subclass of branching processes with interactions, which were recently introduced by Gonz\'alez Casanova et al. (2017), and includes the so-called logistic branching process which was studied by Lambert (2005). Here, we provide a series of integral tests that fully explains how competition and cooperation regulates the long-term behaviour of BPI-processes. In particular, we give necessary and sufficient conditions for the events of explosion and extinction, as well as conditions under which the process comes down from infinity. Moreover, we also determine whether the process admits, or not, a stationary distribution. Our arguments uses the moment dual of BPI-processes which turns out to be a family of diffusions taking values on $[0,1]$, that we introduce as generalised Wright-Fisher diffusions together with a complete understanding of the nature of their boundaries.Comment: 3 table

Do indigenous peoples benefit from poverty programs? Evidence from Mexico´s 2000 census

Indigenous peoples are among the poorest in Latin America, and it is often argued that social policies do not reach them. At the same time, several countries have implemented in recent years new programs for poverty reduction that should have benefited the indigenous. In this paper, we use data from Mexico's 2000 census to test whether indigenous peoples living in the southern states of Chiapas, Guerrero and Oaxaca benefit from three large government programs: PROGRESA, FISM, and PROCAMPO.

Migration and Poverty in Mexico’s Southern States

While Mexico's southern states differ substantially in terms of their migration profile, many of the issues confronted by the three states are the same. In this paper, we focus on five questions: (a) How large are migration flows, and what can be expected in the future?; (b) To what extent does migration increase per capita income and thereby reduce poverty?; (c) What are the determinants of migration?; (d) What is the impact of remittances on poverty, inequality, and development?; and (e) What programs are implemented by the government to increase the benefits from remittances, and what can be done to reduce the cost for migrants of remitting?Mexico; Migration; Remittances; Poverty; Policies

Damages for infringements to competition law

El presente trabajo busca analizar las implicancias jurídicas y prácticas del artículo 30° del Decreto Ley N° 211 de 1973, recientemente modificado por la Ley N° 20.945 de fecha 30 de agosto de 2016, que perfecciona el sistema de defensa de la libre competencia. Con base en la escasa jurisprudencia nacional sobre indemnización de perjuicios por infracciones a la libre competencia, así como en la Historia de la Ley N° 20.945, el autor interpreta el alcance de la actual redacción del artículo 30° y anticipa los principales temas que deberán ser resueltos por la nueva jurisprudencia en esta materiaThis paper seeks to analyze the legal and practical implications of article 30 of Decree Law N° 211 of 1973, amended by Law Nº 20,945, dated August 30th, 2016, which improves the system for the defense of competition. Based on the scarce national case law on damages due to infringements of competition law, as well as on the History of Law N° 20,945, the author interprets the scope of the current wording of article 30 and anticipates the main issues that must be resolved by new case law on this matte

Análisis de la ley Nº 20.945, que perfecciona el sistema de defensa de la Libre Competencia

This paper seeks to analyze the main amendments to Decree Law No. 211, introduced by Law No. 20,945 dated August 30th, 2016, which improves the competition defense.El presente trabajo busca analizar las principales modificaciones al Decreto Ley Nº 211, introducidas por la Ley Nº 20.945 de fecha 30 de agosto de 2016, que perfecciona el sistema de defensa de la libre competencia

Salud sexual y reproductiva en zonas marginadas: situación de las mujeres desplazadas 2005

Muchas son las estimaciones que se han efectuado hasta el momento, sobre el número de desplazados en Colombia, con definiciones y agrupaciones diferentes, lo que ha impedido tener una idea exacta del problema, que se ha acentuado desde la mitad de la década de los noventa, pero que venía de años atrás. Sin embargo, los estudiosos del tema, directa e indirectamente están de acuerdo que se trata de un fenómeno cruel, masivo y permanente, que ha llegado a convertirse en uno de los mayores problemas sociales del país, cubierto siempre por un manto de indiferencia tanto por parte del Estado como de la sociedad en general. Los cálculos oscilan entre dos y tres millones de personas, que han tenido que refugiarse en varias ciudades grandes o medianas y la mayoría de ellos en condiciones precarias. Los desplazados se han visto obligados, para salvar sus vidas, a perder por lo general, sus pocas propiedades y su residencia; es decir, toda la trama social en la cual habían nacido y organizado un espacio particular en el mundo. Fueron sustraídos de sus vínculos sociales que les pertenecían en su lugar de origen, produciendo muchas veces un resquebrajamiento de sus unidades familiares, no pocos con miembros muertos en el conflicto. Se convirtieron en ¡nocentes golpeados por una persecución política carente de sentido para ellos. De todas maneras, en muchas oportunidades, la población desplazada, además de los problemas inherentes a su condición, ha tenido que soportar los relacionados con la falta del reconocimiento formal de sus derechos y la aplicación efectiva de políticas y programas. Profamilia con el apoyo financiero de USAID ha querido cooperar en la solución parcial del problema, mediante el desarrollo del Proyecto Nacional de Servicios de Salud Sexual y Reproductiva en Población de bajos Recursos y Población Desplazada. La Encuesta sobre Salud Sexual y Reproductiva en Zonas Marginadas es la segunda encuesta que se levanta en Colombia a nivel nacional. Esta publicación fue financiada por la Asociación Probienestar de la Familia Colombiana (Profamilia) y el gobierno de los Estados Unidos, a través de su Agencia para el Desarrollo Social (USAID). Las opiniones expresadas en este documento son responsabilidad de sus autores y no representan la posición u opinión de las instituciones financiadoras